Frequently Asked Questions about MRI & fMRI

What is an MRI? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive, painless technology that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues in the body. Most MRI machines are large, cylindrical magnets that create a strong magnetic field to interact with hydrogen atoms in the body. This, combined with radiofrequency pulses, produces detailed cross-sectional images or "slices" of anatomy. MRI can also create 3D images for a full view from multiple angles. At Kessler Foundation, MRI is frequently used for clinical trials and monitoring interventions.
How is an fMRI different than an MRI? Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a type of MRI that helps assess brain function by measuring and mapping brain activity. A most common fMRI method, called BOLD fMRI, works by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygen levels in the brain that happen when certain areas become more active. When a brain region is in use, it needs more oxygen, which increases blood flow to that area. By capturing these changes, fMRI shows which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks or activities.
Why use fMRI scans to reveal my brain activity? An fMRI shows patterns of brain activity, helping researchers understand how different parts of the brain handle things like movement, language, and memory and cognition. This technique has been key in identifying areas involved in thinking and movement, mapping brain connections, and studying changes in brain activity in conditions like stroke, brain injury, and diseases that affect the brain.
What will I be expected to do during MRI testing? First, You’ll lie down on the MRI table, typically on your back, and the table will slide into the MRI machine’s cylindrical chamber. To ensure clear images, you’ll need to remain as still as possible throughout the scan, which can last between 30 and 90 minutes, depending on the area being imaged and the study task. Participants are often asked to perform specific tasks or respond to stimuli – such as reading text or moving parts of their body – while inside the scanner.
Will I need to undress to enter the MRI machine? You won’t need to undress, but you will be asked to wear clothing without zippers or snaps, like sweatpants and a t-shirt. You’ll also need to remove any metal items, including jewelry, glasses, underwire bras, and belts.
Will I need IV injection with contrast dye? No contrast dyes or IV injections are used in Kessler Foundation MRI or fMRI studies.
Will I be exposed to radiation in an MRI? MRI is a safe imaging method because it doesn’t use the ionizing radiation found in x-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. This makes MRI ideal for cases where frequent imaging is needed, especially for brain-related diagnoses and treatments.
How long will the MRI take? Depending on the specific study, scans usually take from 30 to 90 minutes depending on the size of the area being scanned and the number of images being taken
What if I have a metal implant or fragments in my body? Having metal in your body doesn’t automatically rule out an MRI scan, but it’s essential to inform the research team. They will ask about your medical history to determine if an MRI is safe for you. In some cases, an MRI may not be recommended. For instance, people with certain implants, especially those containing iron—like pacemakers, nerve stimulators, defibrillators, insulin pumps, cochlear implants, brain stimulators, or capsule endoscopy devices—should avoid MRI machines.
What is electroencephalography (EEG)? An EEG records brain wave activity, providing detailed insights into brain patterns during neuroimaging. In this painless test, small sensors (electrodes) are gently attached to the scalp with adhesive or an elastic cap. These electrodes pick up the brain's electrical signals, which are sent through wires to a device that amplifies and records the brain waves on a computer.
What if I’m a little claustrophobic? If you experience claustrophobia, please inform the researchers. The Ortenzio Center features a spacious scanner and offers two-way communication between researchers and participants, which can help ease claustrophobia for some individuals. Additionally, the Foundation has a mock MRI scanner to help participants acclimate to the machine, its procedures, and the sounds it produces. To further reduce discomfort, visualization techniques are available, along with supportive options such as listening to music, watching videos, using eye covers, or holding a panic button for reassurance.
Should I consider taking a medication like Valium if I'm feeling nervous? For Kessler Foundation studies, we recommend avoiding tranquilizers and certain mood-altering medications, as they can affect brain activity and potentially influence scan results. Researchers will discuss your medications before you take part in a study.